Technically, it wouldn't be that hard to add the extra players, as GAE even planned to originally support 12 players (but bumped that down to 8 due to the fact they'd have to make yet another map format, etc). As mentioned, the map limitation is the worst; as you see, MGM files are not backwards compatible, there's no fallback. Ideally, a "new" map format would be based on MGM and simply ignore the extra player starting positions specified if they are not supported. As well, there's the current limitation even in scenarios that you can't have more players than the map is made for, even if the scenario doesn't use their starting positions.
As for what you'd have to change, I'm afraid I haven't the foggiest, though you won't have to mess with any OpenGL stuff, as that's just for the graphics.